Standard fasteners

Norms:

For example:

• ISO 4014/4017
• DIN EN 24014/24017
• (DIN 931/933)

Advantages:

• Standardized and commonly used
• Economic for short clamping lentghs and small dimensions

Disadvantages:

• concentration of stresses in head
• danger of cracking through upset head
• limited angularity of thread axis to underlying surface
• procurement of special materials
• use not feasible at high bending loads

Norms:

For example:

• ISO 4762 (DIN 912)

Advantage:

• use in radially restricted spaces

Disadvantages:

• concentration of stresses in head
• danger of cracking through upset head
• limited angularity of thread axis to underlying surface
• procurement of special materials
• use not feasible at high bending loads

Norms:

For example:

• DIN 2510

Advantage:

• use in thermally stressed joints
• reverse bending stresses
• dynamic stresses
• procurement possible for special materials

Disadvantage:

• complex production due to expansion shaft

Norms:

For example:

• DIN 938, DIN 939, DIN 835

Advantages:

• Shaft diameter = nominal diameter
• low-cost production as shaft diameter equals rolling diameter
• low stress concentration for optimum layout
• easy procurement and production with special materials

Norm:

For example:

• EN ISO 4032 (DIN 934)

Advantages:

• Commonly used
• Technically acceptable solution in relation to the price

Norm:

For example:

• ISO 7090 (DIN125A)

Advantages:

• high plane parallelism
• high bending strength therefore lower loss of pre-tensioning force
• easy procurement and manufacture with special materials 

Disadvantages:

• One more interstince joint per washer. Interstinces can lead to less precision loading the bolt connection
• With washers a bolted connection includes one or two more items. These increase of items means: One or two items more to handle on site, to mount on site, to order, to ship and to puchase

ITH washers are dimensioned to meet the demands of the tightening procedure „hydraulic, friction-free and torsion-free tensioning“ with bolt tensioning cylinders.

Advantages:

• Enlarged thickness for an optimal load distribution of tensile loads
• Slight enlargement of the outer diameter to offer a correct positioning of the bolting tool (bolt tensioning cylinder)

For example:

• Thread design according to DIN 2510

Advantages:

• Low-cost production as shaft diameter = rolling diameter
• Low stress concentration when optimal designed according to customer specific application
• Easy procurement and high availability of special materials

Design:

• Pin on top of the bolt head for easy mounting. Standard: stop pin (2-flat design). Optional: pin (hexagonal design).